Grove utilized four cells, each containing hydrogen and oxygen, to produce electric power which was then used to split the water in. Using combined heat, hydrogen, and power chhp systems to coproduce and deploy hydrogen to early market customers. Since publication of the first edition of fuel cell systems explained, three compelling drivers have supported the continuing development of. The five types resulted from the knowledge that heat accelerates chemical reaction rates and thus the electrical current. An introduction to fuel cell technology and economics. The afternoon session will delve further into how a fuel cell plant design issues and what kind health and safety items have to be taken into account. Fuel cell systems explained james larminie, andrew dicks. In summary, an altogether satisfying book that puts within its covers the academic tools necessary for explaining fuel cell systems on a multidisciplinary basis.
An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology by brian cook, heliocentris vancouver, canada whereas the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that the 21st century will be the century of the fuel cell. It is a collection of examples that show how to solve common electrical engineering problems using the ti89. The composition, pressure and flow rate of each of these streams must be regulated. A brief view of calculations of the costs of well known fuel cell systems is also presented. Anna stefanopoulou and huei peng fuel cell systems o. Since publication of the first edition offuel cell systems explained, three compelling drivers have supported the continuing development of fuel cell technology.
This edition introduces the basic principles of thermodynamics and electrochemical kinetics pertinent to the understanding of fuel cell operation, and determining fuel cell efficiency and voltage losses. Unesco eolss sample chapters energy carriers and conversion systems vol. Then, an overview of the main fuel cell types, their characteristics, and their development status is provided. The third edition of fuel cell systems explained is an updated version of a book that has always been essential reading for everyone entering into the fuel cell sector, be they student or industrial practitioner. Fuel cell systems employ an entirely different approach to the production of electricity than traditional combustion based prime mover technologies. A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that converts the chemical energy of a reaction directly into electricity with byproduct of water and heat. Fuel cell systems explained edition 1 by james larminie. Whether fuel cell systems will be applied more general in the maritime environment depends on their ability to meet the requirements of onboard power generation. Fuel cell systems explained, second edition larminie, james, dicks, andrew on. Fuel cells are designed to utilize a catalyst, such as platinum, to convert a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen into water. Then a description on hybrid systems for the ship and the specification of requirements for the fuel cell system is given. Technology overview this chapter provides an overview of fuel cell technology. This can often lead to fixing a problem without further steps.
National renewable energy laboratory innovation for our energy future. Moreover, new developments in catalysts and improved reliability have made fuel cells viable candidates in a road range of applications, from. How fuel cells are transforming energy markets world. The structure of a simplified fuel cell is shown in fig. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device a galvanic cell which converts free energy of a chemical reaction into electrical energy electricity. As an example, we have given below the matlab script file that was used to produce the graph. Rmit university, melbourne, city campus, location 8. Fuel cells have the advantages of high efficiency, low or even zero pollution, quiet operation, and fewer moving parts only pumps and. Inspect all vacuum hoses for correct routing, pinches, cuts, or disconnects. Ganley howard university department of chemical engineering washington, dc.
A 2015 hydrogen and fuel cell development plan was created for each state in the northeast region massachusetts, vermont, new hampshire, connecticut, rhode island, maine, new york, and new jersey, with support from the united states u. The fuel cell consists of an electrolyte layer in contact with two electrodes on either side. Progress and accomplishments in hydrogen and fuel cells pdf. Hydrogen fuel cell basics java tutorial olympus life. Summary conclusions fuel cells operating on biogas offer a pathway to renewable electricity generation. For all these systems, improved fuel processing and cleanup, especially for fuelflexible operation and operation on biofuels, are needed to improve durability and reduce system costs. Some energy companies around the world also have marketing or distribution agreements with fuel cell manufacturers to promote natural gaspowered fuel cell systems among their customer base. Chapter 2 principles of a fuel cell a fuel cell is an electrochemical cell, which can continuously and directly convert the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant to electrical energy by a process involving essentially electrodeelectrolyte system. An important byproduct of this chemical reaction is the electricity generated when hydrogen molecules interact through oxidation with the anode to produce protons and electrons. Develop a 65% peakefficient, direct hydrogen fuel cell power system for transportation. Matlab script file that was used to produce the graph in figure 3. In a pem fuel cell, two halfcell reactions take place simultaneously, an oxidation reaction loss of electrons at the anode and a reduction reaction gain of electrons at the cathode. Fuel cell systems explained, second edition wiley online library.
Nevertheless, with fuel cell technology, no one can rest on their laurels, and the last few years have seen rapid developments in the. Dornier gmbh, germany this fuel cell stack comprises at least one membraneelectrode unit with an anode, cathode and electrolyte membrane. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that use hydrogen. Briefing papers for state policymakers fuel cell technology 1 technical background a fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel usually hydrogen derived from natural gas or biogas and an oxidant air or oxygen into electricity. Visualphysical inspection a careful visual and physical inspection must be performed as part of any diagnostic procedure. Note this pertains to electrical systems other than the fuel cell such as electric motors, controllers, etc. Be sure to inspect hoses that are difficult to see. Other multimw natural gas fuel cell facilities are in the works for connecticutbased united illuminating and uil holdings corp. Me 4325 introduction to fuel cell systems elective catalog description. Estimated mass of the reformer is included in the case of indirect methanol, where it is chemically reacted to produce 112 in.
First it discusses the basic workings of fuel cells and basic fuel cell system components. Further, the paper looks to introduce both the technical and economic issues facing the introduction of this technology. Section 2 addresses the thermodynamics of fuel cells to provide an understanding of fuel cell operation. Water uptake in membrane transient model for water transport in membrane and catalyst layers water uptake is a function of. First fuel cellfirst fuel cell 3 in 1839, william grove, a british jurist and amateur physicist, first discovered the principle of the fuel cell. Many of these operational characteristics of fuel cell systems are superior to those of conventional power generators. Pdf fuel cell systems explained larminie 2nd harbinger black.
In light of recent alarming environmental trends combined with increasing commercial viability of fuel cells, the time is propitious for a book focusing on the systematic aspects of cell plant technology. Fuel cell systems differ substantially from each other, and it is not clear which system has the best future prospects. Oxygen fed to each cathode cathode load hydrogen fed to each anode for reactions in this part, the electrons have to pass all along the face of the electrode electrolyte anode figure 1. Yoder texas instruments this book is written for electrical engineering students. Dicks and others published fuel cell systems explained find, read and cite all the research you need on. Lowcost, highvolume manufacturing processes will also help to make fuel cell systems cost competitive with traditional technologies. This system used potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte and compressed hydrogen and oxygen as the reactants. Fuel cells can be divided into five major categories named after the electrolyte used in each. Fuel cell systems explained, third edition wiley online library. Hydrogen and fuel cell systems explained smart energy council. Fuel cell handbook seventh edition national energy technology.
Fuel cell technology is developing at a rapid pace, thanks to the increasing awareness of the need for pollutionfree power sources. Fcss based on three different fuel cell technologies are studied. A durable fuel cell power system including hydrogen storage that achieves 60% energy efficiency when operating at peak power and that offers a 325 wkg power density and 220 wl operating on hydrogen. Furthermore, no conventional system can maintain efficiencies comparable to fuel cell systems at partload operation. Fuel cells are similar to batteries in that they both. It also contains at least one gasdistribution structure on the anode side with anode gas entry and exit zones, in addition to channels for guiding the anode gas from the anode gas. Since publication of the first edition of fuel cell systems explained, three compelling drivers have supported the continuing development of fuel cell technology. The smaller the system is created the more the efficiency compares to those provided by fuel cell systems at design conditions 8.
Fuel cell power systems possess certain generic characteristics, which may make them favorable for future power production compared with devices based primarily on rotating machinery using thermomechanical processes. Modeling and control of fuel cell systems and fuel processors by jay tawee pukrushpan cochairs. Fuel cell systems encyclopedia of life support systems. The fcss fuel processing subsystem includes a steam reforming reactor external to the fuel cell stack that converts natural gas into a hydrogenrich gas for the fuel cells. Me 4325 introduction to fuel cell systems 303 prerequisites. Building on the success of the first edition fuel cell systems explained presents a balanced introduction to this growing area. Presentation on natural gas fuel cells by gabriel phillips, gp renewables and trading, at the workshop on gas cleanup for fuel cell applications held march 6. Design of a fuel cell system design of a specification of requirements for a fuel cell system for the electric power generation in a 77foot sailing ship. Fuel cells are electrical batteries that are characterised by the active materials on the electrodes being replenished. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel often. Fuel cell systems analysis us department of energy. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Electrical engineering applications with the ti89 by david r.
1608 1343 296 1091 1012 1367 1145 1142 1028 1520 785 1443 277 1362 943 742 143 930 128 1555 1472 397 514 397 1369 547 732 1259 430 811 215 1123